The IRT Powerhouse

The big news for historic preservationists in 2017 was the successful outcome of a 41 year battle to designate a spectacular piece of architecture known as the IRT Powerhouse as a New York City Landmark. Once considered a threatened historic resource, the Landmark Preservation Commission voted unanimously in December to add this to last year’s list of 14 structures throughout the five boros to gain designation. Here is the full list and map for 2017:
https://ny.curbed.com/maps/nyc-historic-preservations-landmarks-2017

The IRT Powerhouse Today

It was 1901 and the City Beautiful Movement was already in full swing, bringing monumental and inspiring structures to neighborhoods that would promote civic pride, morality and social order. Stanford White, of McKim, Mead and White, a partner of one of the most prominent architectural firms of that era, was brought in to design what would become a large facility to house the equipment needed to generate electricity for New York City’s first underground subway system. Two years earlier, White had received tremendous public accolades for his ambitious design of the original Madison Square Garden (demolished in 1925). He had already developed a solid reputation for his work on many public buildings, churches and monuments. One of his most notable projects was the Washington Square Arch, built in 1889, however he was best known as one of the original “starchitects”, designing homes for many of the rich and famous of the “Gilded Age”.

View of the top of the building with one remaining smokestack

Massive in size, the footprint for the IRT Powerhouse would ultimately take up an entire block of land between 58th and 59th Street and 11th and 12th Avenues (in the neighborhood known at the time as San Juan Hill). In 1902, the sprawling Eastman and Co slaughterhouse was torn down to make way for the new building. Finally, in 1904 the facility began generating electricity for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company subway line, providing service to 28 subway stations from City Hall to 145th Street.

Detail of the South Side of the Building

At peak operation, over 25,000 tons of coal was burned annually, creating a steady stream of smoke and layers of soot, which took a terrible toll on the environment. In 1959, Consolidated Edison purchased the building, installed a new and efficient boiler system and converted the plant to gas and oil. Con Edison also began systematically dismantling the original façade of the building, removing key architectural elements and the smokestacks lining the top of the building.  Architects representing Con Edison would later appear before the Landmark Preservation Committee to attempt to argue that the building should no longer be a candidate for designation since the structure had too many significant changes. Fortunately, the committee was able to see beyond that argument and thankfully after a long fought out battle finally moved to protect and preserve one of Stanford White’s few remaining masterpieces in Manhattan.

Click here for a very interesting PBS show about Stanford White’s life: https://www.wliw.org/programs/treasures-of-new-york/treasures-new-york-stanford-white-full/

The IRT's Original 28 Subway Stations

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Pamela Ajhar

44 West 77th Street - Facade Transformed

 Aaron Shikler, the famed portrait artist resided at 44 West 77th Street for over 50 years, until his death in 2015 at age 93. It was here in his studio overlooking the American Museum of Natural History, that he painted one of his most notable works, the official White House portrait of John F. Kennedy. I recently had the pleasure of visiting this 11-room residence located on the 4th floor, which is currently on the market for $5,998,000. The original architectural details of several of the rooms are truly breathtaking, especially the Grand Hall, with its 14.5 foot ceiling and carved wood pilasters and Corinthian capitals. With 2 apartments per floor and a total of only 33 apartments, it is truly a treat to find an apartment with so much of the original decorative features.

44 West 77th Street in 2017

This 14-story building, once called The Manhattan Square Apartments, was built in 1909. Walter Russell, who already had success commissioning several studio/ apartment cooperatives on West 67th Street, wanted to bring this same idea to 77th Street and hired the architectural firm of Harde and Short for the project. Herbert S. Harde and R. Thomas Short were already known for their distinctive designs, having earned critical recognition for the Elizabethian-styled five-story Red House at 350 West 85th Street in 1903, followed in 1906 and 1907, with the neo-French Renaissance Alwyn Court on West 58th Street and the neo-Gothic Park View on East 66th Street. But 44 West 77th Street, when completed, did not earn the same praise; the neo-Gothic facade covered in elaborate terra-cotta ornamentation and topped with a French Gothic Tower, led the critic of the Architectural Record to remark that it made him stare and gasp in astonishment. Architectural historian, Andrew Alpern, wrote in his book Luxury Apartment Houses of Manhattan that it was “encrusted with ornaments that appeared to have been squeezed out of a pastry tube”.

West 77th street by William Sanger 1907, from the collection of the museum of the city of New York

By the late 1930’s, pieces of terra-cotta began falling to the street. Poor installation, acidity in the atmosphere and pigeons who regularly visited the frontage of the building, caused further damage. In 1940, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company took over the building with a deed in lieu of foreclosure and in 1944, rather than taking on a costly restoration, the company’s architect made the decision to remove the bulk of the terra-cotta.

It is hard to imagine that the exterior of the building once looked so radically different. If you have the chance to peek into the lobby, you can still find all the details of a very dramatic gothic lobby complete with leaded glass windows, grand columns, groin-vaulted ceilings, pendant chandeliers and bronze statues.

To read more about the altered façade of 44 West 77th Street, read Christopher Gray’s article in the New York Times:
http://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/23/realestate/streetscapes-44-west-77th-street-restoration-of-an-altered-facade.html

To read more about the history of the building and it’s residents, visit Daytonian in Manahattan:
http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-1909-manhattan-square-apts-no-44.html

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Pamela Ajhar

Astor Court's Grand Garden

John Jacob Astor amassed a huge fortune before perishing on the Titanic in 1912. His son, Vincent Astor, 20 years old at the time, was a student at Harvard. He inherited $87 million from his father’s estate and stepped into the sprawling family real estate business. His first project was the $1 million Astor Court apartments on Broadway that took up the entire block from 89th to 90th Street. Built in 1914, this 13 story
U-shaped brick building, has entrances on both 89th and 90th Street.  It has a rather reserved red brick façade, topped with an exceptional great copper cornice that overhangs from the roof and projects out eight feet. Charles A. Platt, a skilled architect, landscape architect and artist, designed all aspects of the project.

However, one of the most distinguishing features of this building is not visible from the street. It is the gloriously landscaped outdoor garden court that sits between the two sides of the building. Buff color bricks cover the rear façade, helping to lighten up the space . There are many cozy places where residents can sit with friends and neighbors. Robert A. M Stern called Astor Court “perhaps the loveliest of all courtyard apartments built between 1900 and the First World War”.

Vincent Astor sold the building in 1922 and many of the original six-to nine room apartments were ultimately divided up, but some gracious layouts still remain. When the building converted to co-op in 1985, the garden was revitalized with flowering plants and mature shade trees, making this private outdoor space one of the true gems of the Upper West Side.

                                Astor Court in 1922

To learn more about the building, clink on the link below:
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/01/realestate/streetscapes-89th-street-broadway-1916-astor-building-private-garden-grows.html

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Pamela Ajhar

101 West 78th Street aka The Evelyn

Over the years, the story has persisted that 101 West 78th Street, once known as The Evelyn, was named for Evelyn Nesbit. She was the 16-year-old mistress of the famed architect Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White. The same Evelyn Nesbit whose future husband, millionaire Harry Kendall Thaw, would ultimately shoot and kill Stanford White in 1906 in a fit of jealous rage. The problem with this story is that neither White, Nesbit nor Thaw ever had anything to do with this building and furthermore, Evelyn Nesbit was only a baby in 1885 when the building first earned its name.

101 West 78th Street Condo Conversion

As of this writing, the building has now shed this moniker and will now be known only as 101 West 78th Street. Located directly across the street from the Museum of Natural History, it is in the midst of a major renovation and condo conversion. The original construction of the striking red brick building began in 1882, when the intended design by architect, Emile Gruwe, was for an 8 story building with a mansard roof. The building rose up to the 5th floor and then the money dried up. Developers, Phineas Smith and Edward Milliken purchased the building after it went into foreclosure and hired new architects, Douglas and John Jardine, to complete it. If you look up at the now 7 story building, you will notice the change in the design form on the top two floors of the building.

The building is adorned with lovely terra cotta figures.  In 1987, they were at risk of being removed, but fortunately, a group of Upper West Siders fought and ultimately won the battle to save them.

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Pamela Ajhar

Old Meets New at the Hearst Tower

There is no finer example of “old meets new” in the world of New York City architecture than the Hearst Building on Eighth Avenue and 57th Street. In 1926, William Randolph Hearst, the newspaper publisher who was the model for “Citizen Kane” commissioned Joseph Urban to design a new Manhattan headquarters for his growing media empire. Urban, best known for his set designs for the Ziegfeld Follies, approached the project as if it were an elaborate theatrical extravaganza. A six-story cast-concrete base adorned with giant fluted columns and 8 allegorical statues representing Comedy, Tragedy, Music, Art, Industry, Sport, The Sciences and Printing was completed in 1929. The plan was to add a soaring tower on top of the base, but the Depression intervened, and the additional floors were never added.

Statues over the 57th Street Entrance

Jump ahead to early 2000, the Hearst Corporation has expanded and their offices are now spread out across the city. The company, in desperate need of more space hires the Architect, Norman Foster, to come up with a plan to add a tower to the original base. A recipient of the Pritzker Architecture prize, Foster has recently completed a project at the British Museum where he has added a glass canopy with 1,656 uniquely shaped panes of glass above the Great Court, essentially melding the old with the new.

South Corner

Mr. Foster presents his plans to the Hearst Corporation on the afternoon of September 11, 2001, while the fires are burning at the Trade Center downtown. It will be another four and half years before the project is completed. The exterior of the historical base, designated by the city as a landmark in 1988, must be preserved. It will be completely gutted and restored and Foster’s 46 stories of triangulated glass and steel will be placed on top. Construction of the diagrid structure, with its series of 4 story high interlocking triangles, which will support the tower, will begin to rise in 2004. Upon completion in 2006, a column in the New York Times Architectural Review, describes the new building as such: “Past and present don’t fit seamlessly together here; they collide with ferocious energy”. This new skyscraper has made a bold statement in the midtown skyline.

"Ice Fall" Water Sculpture

With a number of environmental considerations built into the plan, Hearst Tower becomes the very first green building completed in New York City, earning both LEED Gold and Platinum designations. The efficiency of the design reduced the amount of steel required for construction by about 20% and 80% of the steel that was used came from recycled material. The lower floors and lobby area, which form an open atrium, are paved with heat conductive limestone. Tubing beneath the floors are filled with circulating water used for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter and are supplied by a reclamation tank that can hold up to 14,000 gallons of rainwater collected from the roof. It also feeds an amazing 3 story high “Ice Fall” glass and water sculpture that greets you in the lobby. If you are passing the building, you can poke your head inside to see it.

For a spectacular drone tour of the building, check out this youtube video narrated by Norman Foster: Click Here

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Pamela Ajhar

The Cleburne - 924 West End Avenue

The Cleburne is located on the former site of the Straus Mansion. Isidor Straus lived in the sprawling home with his wife Ida from 1884 until the couple perished aboard the Titanic on April 15th 1912. Isidor was best known as one of the founding partners of the department store Abraham and Straus (aka A&S) and also as a co-owner of the Macy’s department store. Shortly after their deaths, the house was sold to developers and demolished to make way for the Cleburne Apartment Building.

Side view of the entrance and porte-cochere of the Cleburne

Completed in 1913, this grand dame and one of my personal favorites, is most notable for its ornate façade and elegant porte-cochere entrance which faces onto 105th Street. Designed by the team of Schwartz and Gros, the exterior and lobby have an arts and crafts character. There are 3 elevator landings and most floors have 2 apartments per landing. This coop has primarily large apartments, ranging in size from 6-9 rooms, with high ceilings and old fashioned layouts.

Straus Park statue and bench with inscription

Straus Park, which sits in the triangle between West End Avenue and Broadway and is located 1 block north, was named in honor of Isidor and Ida. There is a beautiful bronze statue by Augustus Lukeman of a nymph who looks to be gazing out to sea. On the bench behind the statue is inscribed "Lovely and pleasant were they in their lives and in their death they were not parted." The passage is said to refer to Ida's choice to stay on the Titanic with her beloved husband, Isidor, rather than get safely into a lifeboat.

Here is a link to an article about Straus Park: http://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/23/realestate/streetscapes-straus-park-106th-street-west-end-avenue-restored-memorial-2-who.html

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Pamela Ajhar

The Chatsworth -344 West 72nd Street

In the early 1900’s, the developer George F. Johnson, acquired a piece of property which sat at the southern end of Riverside Drive and 72nd Street overlooking Riverside Park and the Hudson River. The sweeping views of the 191 acre park and the winding shoreline of the river became the perfect location for an upscale apartment building that would successfully lure wealthy residents. A finely appointed residential building was designed by architect, John E. Scharsmith and came to be known as the Chatsworth. The 12 story red brick and limestone trim façade Beaux Art beauty, topped with a mansard roof, is lavishly adorned with an array of hand sculpted figures that feature cherubs, fruit and stags.

Original Kitchen Photo: Museum of the City of New York

When it opened in 1904, it had 66 “housekeeping units,” some as large as 15 rooms. Residents were offered a broad spectrum of services including a café, a barber shop and hair-dressing parlor, valet and tailor services and a billiard room. There was a sun parlor which ran across the entire top floor of the building. Scharsmith designed a smaller annex immediately adjacent to the building and it was added in 1906.

Side View of the Chatsworth and Annex

In later years, as was common for the neighborhood, the apartments were subdivided into smaller units, but it was always maintained as a rental building. Now it is undergoing a condo conversion. The entrance with its intricate metal work and ornate ceiling and the lobby’s skylight and hand carved walnut paneling have recently been restored. Many of the apartments have been re-combined to create large grand spaces and new amenities such as a lounge room, game room, children’s playroom and gym have been added. Here is a link to building website: http://thechatsworth.com/chatsworth/history/

Here is a link to building website: http://thechatsworth.com/chatsworth/history/

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Pamela Ajhar

The Hendrik Hudson - 380 Riverside Drive

There are many places throughout New York City and the surrounding area that are named after Henry Hudson including the Hudson River, the Hudson Bay, the Henry Hudson Parkway and the Town of Hudson located in the Hudson Valley in Columbia County. There is also, The Hendrik Hudson, also known as 380 Riverside Drive, a grand building which takes up the entire block between 110th and 111th Street along Riverside Drive. Architectural historian, Andrew Alpern, considered it so important that he featured it on the cover of his book “Luxury Apartment Houses of Manhattan”.

The Hendrik Hudson from the corner of Riverside Drive and 110th Street

Completed in 1907, when the area was comprised of mostly low rise buildings, the new IRT subway stop located a short block away on 110th (Cathedral Parkway) promised to bring new life to the neighborhood. William L. Rouse of Rouse & Sloan modeled the design after an imaginary grand Tuscan villa, with a two story rusticated limestone base which incorporated large arched windows and projected balconies of stone and terra cotta ornamentation on the top portion of the building. Standing 8 stories high, it was at the time, the biggest private building of the upper drive, even though it was well under the 12 floor legal limit. Originally topped by two large square towers, with open Palladian arches on all 4 side. The towers were connected by a promenade and while the south tower still remains, the walkway and north tower were long ago removed. The interiors and exteriors were elegantly designed with very large floor plans. Amenities included a billiard room, café and barber shop which along with its magnificent views of Riverside Park attracted many new tenants.

Details from the Front Entrance

After the war, the neighborhood experienced an economic downturn and most of the large apartments were cut up into smaller units. In 1960, after years of neglect, new owners took possession of the building that had earned the nickname “Slum with a View” and invested close to a million dollars in renovations. Now considered one of the crown jewels of Morningside Heights, the building was converted to a coop in 1970.  If Henry Hudson were around today, he would be proud to know this majestic building with its architectural symmetry, grand marble lobby and lovely apartments with exceptionally high ceilings was named after him.

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Pamela Ajhar

The Association Residence for the Respectable Aged Indigent Females aka The American Youth Hostel

From 1973 to 1989, this historic building was considered a community eyesore; boarded up and surrounded by chain link fences. Much of the original slate roof had been damaged by a fire set during the 1977 New York City blackout. Through the joint efforts of local historians, neighborhood activists and Columbia University students, the building was given landmark status in 1983 and is now the largest hostel in North America.  With 670 beds, the American Youth Hostels building hosts visitors from all over the world offering dorm style rooms with modern amenities that include a large outdoor patio and green space, a game room, a café, an internet and television lounge and a large communal kitchen.

But what is most intriguing about this building is only briefly described on the plaque that sits at the main entrance. 891 Amsterdam Avenue, located on the corner of 103rd Street was once known as The Association Residence for Respectable Aged Indigent Females, a place for elderly woman to help them “avoid the degradation of the poorhouse”. It was constructed in 1881-83 by “The Association”, one of New York City’s most charitable organizations. The residence was open to “any respectable non-Roman Catholic gentlewoman over sixty years of age, on payment of $150 and the surrender of any property she possessed”. A subsequent gift of $250,000 funded an addition in 1908, extending the building to 104th street and included the installation of a gorgeous Tiffany window to the chapel, which is now housed in a museum in Winter Park Florida.

The design of the building is described as “a French-inspired style which recalls the Victorian Gothic” and was created by Richard Morris Hunt, one of the most sought after architects of the 19th century.  Hunt, the first American Architect to attend the L’Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, is now best known as the architect of the lavish summer residences for the Vanderbilt family; the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina and The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island. He designed over 75 structures in New York City alone, including many large mansions for the wealthiest citizens of the gilded era. Of those, only 20 of his works in this city still stand. Amongst them, the base of the Statue of Liberty and the front façade of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. We are fortunate that strong community involvement resulted in the preservation of this important landmark, which has also brought new life to the neighborhood.

Tiffany Window

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Pamela Ajhar

A Gang of Gargoyles - 527 West 110th Street

Walk past the Britannia located at 527 West 110th Street and you will be greeted by the amusing faces of 8 grand grimacing gargoyles crouched just above the top of the first floor.  They appear to be engaged in various forms of everyday life; eating, cooking, carrying a platter and writing with a quill pen. Step inside the unusually large 35-foot wide courtyard that joins the two separate wings of the building and chuckle at the two additional fellows who flank each side of the entranceway appearing to be yawning or possibly mocking those who enter the building. Completed in 1909, the developer, J. Charles Weschler, decided to buck the trend of the 12 story tall building, common in the day, and hired the firm of Waid & Willauer to design a more distinctive 9 floor “English” style structure.

Apartments ranged in size from five to nine rooms and rented for between $90 to $250. The Britannia is now a condominium and most of the apartments have been carved into smaller units.  Christopher Gray elaborates on the history of the building in his 2009 New York Times column “Meet Me Under the Gobbling Gargoyles”. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/18/realestate/18scapes.html

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Pamela Ajhar

The Manhasset Apartments - West 108th and 109th Street

What looks like one massive building occupying the entire hundred feet blockfront of Broadway between 108th Street and 109th Street is actually two buildings with separate limestone entryways on both streets. The buildings, known collectively as the Manhasset Apartments, were designed and constructed in two phases. The original plan was for two eight story brick buildings, but bankruptcy forced a sale before the buildings were completed. The new owner, Jacob Butler, who took possession in 1901 decided to take advantage of new construction laws that had just come into effect and added 3 additional floors to the plan. He also hired the team of Janes and Leo, who were at the time working on the grand Dorilton building at 71st Street. They made additional enhancements to this limestone, brick and terra-cotta Beaux-Arts style façade including the addition of the most prominent feature of a two story slate-covered mansard roof.

Entrance Detail

 At the turn of the century, the neighborhood known then as Schulyer Square, was dominated by row houses but once the IRT subway was completed in 1904, developers began to construct large scale apartment buildings. When the Manhasset was completed in 1905, the luxurious six to nine room apartments were renting for $1,800 to $3,500 a year. In the 1930’s the building was once again foreclosed on and the new owners subdivided all the apartments and also redecorated the lobbies. The building was converted to condop in 1993 and was designated as a landmark by the City in 1996.

View from Broadway

The First Battery Armory on West 66th Street

It was 1900 and The First Battery, a volunteer field artillery unit of the National Guard of the State of New York, was headquartered above a saloon on West 44th Street. The building was managed by their Captain, Louis Wendel. The First Battery was one of many militia groups throughout the country formed to help with domestic peacekeeping efforts during the post–Civil War era of labor-capital unrest. Captain Wendel, a colorful figure who would later be removed from office for bribery, graft and grand larceny, had connections in Tammany Hall political circles. So when the New York City Armory Board was created to establish a series of ten armories throughout the city, Wendel used his influence to secure a brand new headquarters for his regiment.

In 1901, construction began on The First Battery Armory, located on West 66th Street just west of Central Park. Despite some pushback from the representatives of the National Guard who wanted more control over the selection of the architects, the firm of Horgan and Slattery was chosen. This firm, heavily favored by Mayor Van Wyck and Tammany Hall, held a monopoly on most public projects. The New York Times having published an editorial the previous year questioning whether Horgan and Slattery even existed and if they did, what a coincidence that they seemed to have the expertise to handle every project commissioned by the city.

On February 3, 1904, the group of approximately 100 men composed of mostly German Americans moved in. The first floor housed a concrete drill room, a riding ring and offices. Below the street were stalls for 76 horses, a 50 yard rifle range and a 25 yard pistol range. The Captain’s apartment was located on the third floor. The building, with its castle-like features, consisted of a rectangular headhouse with a central tower for public entry and two end pavilions with “sally ports” to accommodate the horses. The entire block had once been part of the 18th century farm of John Somarindyn and was subdivided into lots for sale in 1852. By the time the Armory was built, the block was typical of the neighborhood being half built up, primarily with five story houses. Across the street was the St Nicholas Arena, the city’s first indoor skating rink built in 1896 (demolished in 1986) and the Durland Riding Academy which had recently opened in 1901.

In 1913, the First Battery was replaced with new tenants as the 102nd Medical Regiment moved in, serving as a medical unit during World War 1 and World War 2. They remained in this location until ABC acquired the building in 1976, transforming it into a sound stage for soap operas. Now one of 6 armories designated a New York City Landmark, the location now serves as offices for ESPN.  Despite the building’s many different transformations, you can still find throw backs to the time when the First Battery of the National Guard inhabited the building. Above the first story are the letters N.G.S.N.Y. and at the top of the tower is the First Battery’s insignia carved in relief as a central shield with “1901”, N.G.N.Y. and “Semper Paratus” which means “always ready”.

The Sun Always Shines on 55 Central Park West

Bathed in sunlight, even on a dark and dreary day, that’s the illusion created by the color graded brick work of 55 Central Park West. Color was a tool increasingly used in the new modern designs of the 1920’s and the rich shades of purple brick which gradually change over to yellow-white give this building’s façade this unique distinction.  This era brought the Art Deco movement and architects were already beginning to adopt the style in the design of office buildings, but several were also embracing it in their residential buildings as well. Schwartz and Gross filed their plans for 55 Central Park West in 1929. They were already working on another Art Deco beauty on the Avenue, located at 336 CPW and 93rd Street. In the coming years, Central Park West would become a display case for the movement. The IND subway line, which would soon open on Central Park West would help to bring a new surge of construction to the neighborhood.

Standing 19 stories high with bold fluted decorative features and multiple upper floor setbacks, apartment sizes range from three to nine rooms, all containing the innovation of a sunken living room. 55 Central Park West was included in the Central Park West Historic District in 1990. It earned the nickname of “The Ghostbusters Building” after the exteriors were used in the filming of movie in 1984.

http://www.scoutingny.com/new-york-youve-changed-ghostbusters-part-1/

Hotel Belleclaire - 250 West 77th Street

Emery Roth was one of New York City’s premier architects of the 20th century. One of his earliest designs, his second in fact, was the Hotel Belleclaire. A very distinct building, which stands on the corner of 77th and Broadway. Designed in the Beaux Arts style, but heavily reliant on the influences of Art Nouveau and the Viennese Succession style, Emery Roth designed the Hotel Belleclaire in 1903 as a residence hotel for upper class families.

The hotel attracted many famous guests that included Maxim Gorky, Mark Twain and Babe Ruth. In 2008, the building was renovated into a 240 room affordable neighborhood hotel. Although some of the original architectural elements have since been removed, including a domed corner turret, this striking 10 story brick building with stone base and arches and decorated with Indian heads continues to attract the attention of passers-by.

For some really interesting stories about several former guests of the hotel visit:

http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2012/04/1903-art-nouveau-hotel-belleclaire.html

The Red House (350 West 85th Street)

Photo by Frances Page

The Red House, completed in 1904, is located on West 85th Street between West End Avenue and Riverside Drive. The work of the architectural firm of Harde and Short, it is a distinctive six story red brick and white terra cotta building with bold multi-paneled black painted windows, adorned with dripping Gothic screens and a terra cotta salamander & crown cartouche. The center is recessed behind a triple arched entryway. The partnership of Herbert Spencer Harde and R. Thomas Short was formed in 1901. After the completion of the Red House, they went on to design several other notable buildings that include The Studio Apartments at 44 West 77th, The Alwyn Court Apartments on Broadway and 58th Street and 45 East 66th Street, at Madison Avenue. This rental building is composed primarily of studios and one bedrooms.  The Red House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.